Document Type : Review Articles
Authors
1
Faculty of medicine Zagazig university
2
Human anatomy,faculty of medicine,zagazig university,zagazig,egypt
3
Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
4
Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during the perinatal period is a critical determinant of fetal development, influencing organogenesis and tissue differentiation. Adequate nutrient supply supports the proper formation of organ systems, including skeletal muscle, which plays essential roles in locomotion, posture, metabolism, and growth. Skeletal muscle development begins early in embryogenesis and continues through the perinatal stage via tightly regulated processes of myogenesis, differentiation, and growth that are highly sensitive to the intrauterine environment. Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy or lactation, whether manifested as protein deficiency, excessive fat intake, or a combination of both, can profoundly disrupt skeletal muscle development in offspring. These nutritional imbalances reduce muscle mass and alter fiber composition and diameter, resulting in impaired metabolic capacity, weaker contractile function, a great risk of obesity, resistance to insulin, and metabolic disorders in offspring. This review aimed to provide an overview of the structural changes taking place in the skeletal muscles of offspring following maternal exposure to either low-protein or high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation.
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