Rotavirus structure, genomics, types, pathophysiology and prevention: Review Article

Azzazy, Ensaf Abd-El Gawad; Abdellatif, Ghada Mohammed; Abd-ElMoneim Mohamed, Hala Adel; Abo-Alella, Doaa Alhussein

doi:10.21608/zumj.2023.224421.2831

Rotavirus structure, genomics, types, pathophysiology and prevention: Review Article

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

¹ Medical Microbiology &Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

² Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

³ Medical Microbiology &amp;amp;Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

10.21608/zumj.2023.224421.2831

Abstract

Children under the age of five are most commonly affected by severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis brought on by infections with rotavirus. Despite the common usage of rotavirus immunizations more than ten years ago, rotavirus infections still cause more than 200,000 fatalities each year, primarily in developing nations. Rotavirus predominantly affects enterocytes and causes diarrhoea by destroying absorbent enterocytes (resulting in malabsorption), stimulating intestinal secretion with activating the enteric nervous system, and viral non-structural protein 4. Furthermore, rotavirus infections can result in viremia and antigenaemia, both of which are connected to more severe acute gastroenteritis symptoms. Although this is uncommon, rotavirus can also replicate in systemic areas. Rotavirus reactivations are frequent throughout life, however they lessen the severity of the illness. Although both aspects—protection against rotavirus reinfection and recovery from infection—involve rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A, the immunological implications of these processes are poorly understood. Although the use of antiviral and antiemetic medications may be necessary in rare circumstances, Dehydration must be avoided and treated in order to manage rotavirus infection.

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