Assessment of Cluster of Differentiation (CD56) Expression in Correlation with other Prognostic Markers in Multiple Myeloma patients

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Lecturer of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University

2 Professor of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University

3 Assistant Professor of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University

4 Resident of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University

5 Lecturer of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University

Abstract

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer caused by uncontrolled plasma cell growth, leading to protein buildup, organ damage. CD56, a cell adhesion molecule, is common in MM cells, but its prognostic role is debated. This study aimed for early prediction of response to therapy & outcome of patients with multiple myeloma expressing CD 56 correlated with other prognostic factors.

Methods: In the prospective cohort study conducted at Zagazig University Hospitals, 30 newly diagnosed chemotherapy-naïve MM patients were enrolled. CD56 expression in bone marrow plasma cells was evaluated, dividing the patients into CD56-positive CD56-negative groups. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters were evaluated and compared between the groups.

Results: CD56 expression was detected in 60% of the patients. CD56-positive patients demonstrated significantly higher red blood cell counts (4.49 ± 0.33 vs. 4.01 ± 0.28 ×10⁶/µL; P = 0.0003), hemoglobin levels (10.31 ± 0.68 vs. 9.01 ± 0.32 g/dL; P < 0.0001), and platelet counts (194.11 ± 44.08 vs. 125.67 ± 15.08 ×10³/µL; P = 0.0001). Conversely, CD56-negative patients had significantly lower serum creatinine (1.79 ± 0.42 vs. 2.77 ± 0.86 mg/dL; P = 0.0034) LDH levels (315.56 ± 28.04 vs. 398.58 ± 68.1 U/L; P = 0.0019).

Conclusion: CD56 expression has been shown to correlate with better hematological parameters, less disease burden and longer survival in MM patients. This CD56 negative patients present more aggressive disease features and may require different therapeutic approaches. These findings suggest a possible role for CD56 in stratifying risk and personalized treatment approaches for MM.

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Zagazig University Medical Journal
Volume 31, Issue 8
August 2025
Pages 4152-4165

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